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Usuario:Ornithodiez/Zona de pruebas B

Summary

Este artículo enumera los órdenes y familias de aves actuales . En total, se habían descrito unas 11 000 especies de aves hasta 2024, [ 1 ] aunque una estimación del número real la sitúa en casi 20 000. [ 2 ] El orden de los paseriformes (aves posadas) por sí solo abarca más de 5000 especies.

La taxonomía es muy flexible en la era del análisis de ADN , por lo que se incluyen comentarios cuando corresponde y todas las cifras son aproximadas. En particular, véase la taxonomía de Sibley-Ahlquist para una clasificación muy diferente.

Filogenia

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Cladograma de relaciones de aves modernas basado en Stiller et al . (2024), [ 3 ] mostrando los 44 órdenes reconocidos por el COI. [ 4 ]

Subclass Palaeognathae

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The Palaeognathae or "old jaws" is one of the two superorders recognized within the taxonomic class Aves and consist of the ratites and tinamous. The ratites are mostly large and long-legged, flightless birds, lacking a keeled sternum. Traditionally, all the ratites were place in the order Struthioniformes. However, recent genetic analysis has found that the group is not monophyletic, as it is paraphyletic with respect to the tinamous, so the ostriches are classified as the only members of the order Struthioniformes and other ratites placed in other orders.[1]​[2]​

Order Struthioniformes

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Greater rhea pair
 
Eudromia elegans
 
Casuarius casuarius

Africa; 2 species

Infraclass Notopalaeognathae

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Order Rheiformes

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South America; 2 species

  • Family †Opisthodactylidae
  • Family Rheidae: rheas

Order Casuariiformes

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Australasia; 4 species

Order Apterygiformes

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Australasia; 5 species

Order †Aepyornithiformes

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Madagascar

Order †Dinornithiformes

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New Zealand

  • Family Megalapteryidae: upland moas
  • Family Dinornithidae: great moas
  • Family Emeidae: lesser moas

Order Tinamiformes

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South America; 45 species

Subclass Neognathae

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Nearly all living birds belong to the subclass Neognathae or "new jaws". With their keeled sternum (breastbone), unlike the ratites, they are known as carinatae.

Infraclass Galloanserae

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Order Galliformes

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Australian brush turkey

Worldwide; 250 species

Order †Gastornithiformes

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Order Anseriformes

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Worldwide; 150 species

Infraclass Neoaves

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Superorder Mirandornithes

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Order Podicipediformes
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Worldwide; 19 species

Order Phoenicopteriformes
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Worldwide; 6 species

Superorder Columbimorphae

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Order Columbiformes
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Worldwide; 300 species

Order Pterocliformes
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Africa, Europe, Asia; 16 species

Order Mesitornithiformes
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Madagascar; 3 species

Grandorder Strisores

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Order Caprimulgiformes
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Worldwide; 97 species

Order Steatornithiformes
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South America; 1 species

Order Nyctibiiformes
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Americas; 7 species

Order Podargiformes
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Tawny frogmouth

Asia and Australasia; 14 species

Order Aegotheliformes
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Australasia; 10 species

Order Apodiformes
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Worldwide; 478 species

Grandorder Otidimorphae

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Order Cuculiformes
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Worldwide; 150 species

Order Musophagiformes
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Africa; 23 species

Order Otidiformes
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Africa and Eurasia; 27 species

Superorder Gruae

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Order Opisthocomiformes
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South America; 1 species

Order Gruiformes
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Worldwide; 164 species

Order Charadriiformes
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Worldwide; 350 species

Grandorder Eurypygimorphae

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Order Eurypygiformes
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Neotropics and New Caledonia; 2 species

Order Phaethontiformes
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Oceanic; 3 species

Grandorder Aequornithes

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Order Gaviiformes
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North America, Eurasia; 5 species

Order Sphenisciformes
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Antarctic and southern waters; 17 species

Order Procellariiformes
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Pan-oceanic; 120 species

Order Ciconiiformes
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Worldwide; 19 species

 
White stork
Order Suliformes
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Worldwide; 59 species

Order Pelecaniformes
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Hamerkop

Worldwide; 108 species

Grandorder Afroaves

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Order Accipitriformes
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Osprey

Worldwide; 260 species

  • Suborder Cathartae
  • Suborder Accipitres
    • Family Sagittariidae: secretarybird
    • Family Pandionidae: osprey
    • Family Accipitridae: hawks, eagles, buzzards, harriers, kites and Old World vultures
Order Strigiformes
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Worldwide; 250 species

Order Coliiformes
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Blue-naped mousebird

Sub-Saharan Africa; 6 species

Order Leptosomiformes
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Madagascar; 1 species

Order Trogoniformes
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Sub-Saharan Africa, Americas, Asia; 35 species

Order Bucerotiformes
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Old World, New Guinea; 64 species

  • Superfamily Buceroidea
    • Family Bucerotidae: hornbills
  • Superfamily Upupoidea
Order Coraciiformes
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Worldwide; 144 species

 
Kingfisher
Order Piciformes
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Worldwide except Australasia; 400 species

Grandorder Australaves

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Order Cariamiformes
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South America; 2 species

Order Falconiformes
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Worldwide; 60 species

Order Psittaciformes
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Pan-tropical, southern temperate zones; 330 species

Order Passeriformes
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Rock wren
 
Eurylaimus javanicus
 
Pitta cyanea
 
Pachyramphus castaneus
 
Lyrebird

Worldwide; 6,500 species

  1. ↑ Hackett, S.J. (2008). «A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History». Science 320 (5884): 1763-1768. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. 
  2. ↑ Yuri, T (2013). «Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals». Biology 2 (1): 419-44. PMC 4009869. PMID 24832669. doi:10.3390/biology2010419.  Parámetro desconocido |doi-access= ignorado (ayuda)

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