S1a1a1 o K2b1a1 (P60, P308, P304): Antes K1, K2 o K4. Es el haplogrupo más importante entre los aborígenes australianos después de C1.[13]
S1a1b (M230, P202, P204): Es típico de la región de Melanesia, en especial en Papúa Nueva Guinea, en donde coincide con la zona de mayor diversidad en las lenguas papúes. Previamente fue denominado K5, renombrado S por Karafet et al (2008)[14] y S1 por van Oven et al (2014).
↑Tatiana M Karafet et al 2014. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. European Journal of Human Genetics , (4 June 2014) | doi:10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
↑ abLaura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(8):1628-1641
↑Kayser M, Brauer S, Weiss G, Schiefenho¨vel W, Underhill P, Shen P, Oefner P, Tommaseo-Ponzetta M, Stoneking (2003) Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea Am J Hum Genet 72:281–302
↑ abcdKarafet, T., Mendez, F., Sudoyo, H. et al. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 23, 369–373 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2014.106
↑Murray P. Cox y Marta Mirazón Lahr (2006) Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated With Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands. American Journal of Human Biology 18:35–50 2006
↑ abStefano Mona et al 2007, Patterns of Y-Chromosome Diversity Intersect with the Trans-New Guinea Hypothesis
↑Hammer M et al. 2006 Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes.
↑Kayser M et al. 2006, Melanesian and Asian Origins of Polynesians: mtDNA and Y Chromosome Gradients Across the Pacific. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23(11):2234–2244. (2006) doi:10.1093/molbev/msl093
↑van Oven M et al 2014. Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome. Hum Mutat 35(2):187-191. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. phylotree
↑ abTatiana M Karafet et al 2014. Improved phylogenetic resolution and rapid diversification of Y-chromosome haplogroup K-M526 in Southeast Asia. European Journal of Human Genetics. ISSN1018-4813 EISSN1476-5438
↑Karafet et al. (2008), Abstract New Binary Polymorphisms Reshape and Increase Resolution of the Human Y-Chromosomal Haplogroup Tree, Genome Research, DOI: 10.1101/gr.7172008
↑Y-DNA Haplogroup K and its Subclades. ISOGG, rev. 2014
↑Manfred Kayser, Ying Choi, Mannis van Oven et al., "The impact of the Austronesian expansion: evidence from mtDNA and Y-chromosome diversity in the Admiralty Islands of Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)
↑Y-DNA Haplogroup S and its Subclades - 2019-2020 ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree