Tiene una antigüedad entre 32.000 y 47.000 años[1] y un probable origen en Papúa.
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Según Kayser et al.2003,[2] el haplogrupo M tiene la frecuencia más elevada en Papúa Occidental, con un 77,5% en la zona costera, frente a un 74,5% en la zona montañosa. También encuentra frecuencias importantes en Papúa Nueva Guinea con 33%, Nueva Bretaña 31%, Islas Trobriand 30% y las Molucas 21%.
↑ abcdLaura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23(8):1628-1641
↑Kayser M, Brauer S, Weiss G, Schiefenho¨vel W, Underhill P, Shen P, Oefner P, Tommaseo-Ponzetta M, Stoneking (2003) Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea Am J Hum Genet 72:281–302
↑Cox MP. 2003. Genetic patterning at Austronesian contact zones. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Dunedin, New Zealand: University of Otago.
↑Capelli C, Wilson JF, Richards M, Stumpf MPH, Gratrix F, Oppenheimer S, Underhill P, Pascali VL, Ko T-M, Goldstein DB. 2001. A predominantly indigenous paternal heritage of the Austronesian-speaking peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania. Am J Hum Genet 68: 432–443.
↑Murray P. Cox y Marta Mirazón Lahr (2006) Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated With Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands. American Journal of Human Biology 18:35–50 2006
↑ISOGG-2009 Y-DNA Haplogroup M and its Subclades - 2009
↑Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, Michael F. Hammer, Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 27, Issue 8, (2010), Pages 1833–1844, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq063
↑Tatiana M. Karafet, J. S. Lansing, Alan J. Redd, Joseph C. Watkins, S. P. K. Surata, W. A. Arthawiguna, Laura Mayer, Michael Bamshad, Lynn B. Jorde, and Michael F. Hammer. Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and Indian Traders, Human Biology (Feb. 2005)
↑Manfred Kayser, Ying Choi, Mannis van Oven et al., "The Impact of the Austronesian Expansion: Evidence from mtDNA and Y Chromosome Diversity in the Admiralty Islands of Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 25(7):1362–1374. (2008) doi:10.1093/molbev/msn078
↑Tatiana M. Karafet, Brian Hallmark, Murray P. Cox, Herawati Sudoyo, Sean Downey, J. Stephen Lansing, Michael F. Hammer, Major East–West Division Underlies Y Chromosome Stratification across Indonesia, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 27, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 1833–1844, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msq063